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Mentuhotep I (also Mentuhotep-aa, i.e. "the Great"〔Wolfram Grajetzki, ''The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society'', Duckworth Egyptology, London 2006, ISBN 978-0715634356, pp. 10–11〕) may have been a Theban nomarch and independent ruler of Upper Egypt during the early First Intermediate Period. He was later probably considered to be the founding father of the Eleventh dynasty, which rose to prominence under Intef II and Mentuhotep II. __FORCETOC__ ==Identity== Mentuhotep may have been a local Egyptian nomarch at Thebes during the early first intermediate period, ca. 2135 BC. The Karnak king list found in the Festival Hall of Thutmose III preserves, in position No. 12, the partial name "Men-" in a royal cartouche, distinct from those of Mentuhotep II (No. 29) or Mentuhotep III (No. 30). The available fragments of the Karnak list do not seem to represent past pharaohs in any chronological order, and thus one cannot ascertain if or when this "Men-" pharaoh lived. Many scholars has argued from the list that a Mentuhotep I, who may have been merely a Theban nomarch, was posthumously given a royal titulary by his successors; thus this conjectured personage is referred to conventionally as 'Mentuhotep I".〔William C. Hayes, ''The Middle Kingdom in Egypt. Internal History from the Rise of the Heracleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes III.'', in ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', vol. I, part 2, Cambridge University Press, 1971, ISBN 0 521 077915, p. 476〕〔Nicolas Grimal,'' A History of Ancient Egypt'' (Oxford: Blackwell Books, 1992), p. 143.〕〔Jürgen von Beckerath, ''Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen'' (= ''Münchner ägyptologische Studien'', vol 46), Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1999. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, pp. 76–77.〕〔Kim Ryholt, ''The Royal Canon of Turin'', in Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss and David A. Warburton (eds.), ''Ancient Egyptian Chronology'', Brill, Leiden/Boston, 2006, ISBN 978 90 04 11385 5, p. 30.〕 The fact that "Mentuhotep I" is not actually attested on any contemporary monument has led some egyptologists to propose that he is a fictional ancestor and founder of the Eleventh dynasty, invented for that purpose during the later part of the dynasty. On the base of a statue from the sanctuary of Heqaib on Elephantine, a Mentuhotep is referred to as ''"Father of the gods"''.〔Labib Habachi: "God's fathers and the role they played in the history of the First Intermediate Period", ''ASAE'' 55, p. 167ff.〕〔Labib Habachi: ''The Sanctuary of Hequaib'', Mainz 1985, photos of the statue: vol. II, pp. 187-89.〕 This title probably refers to Mentuhotep's immediate successors, Intef I and Intef II who reigned as kings over Upper Egypt. From this title, many Egyptologists argued that this Mentuhotep was probably the father of Intef I and II,〔〔Louise Gestermann: ''Kontinuität und Wandel in Politik und Verwaltung des frühen Mittleren Reiches in Ägypten'', Wiesbaden 1987, p. 26.〕〔 and also that he was never a pharaoh, as this title was usually reserved for the non-royal ancestors of pharaohs.〔〔〔〔 The throne name of Mentuhotep is unknown; since he may not have been a king, and no subsequent 11th Dynasty king bore any throne name until Mentuhotep II, it is probable that he never had one. His Horus name ''Tepi-a'', "The ancestor" was certainly given to him posthumously.〔The name is preserved only on an old drawing of Émile Prisse d'Avennes, see Habachi, Figure 4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mentuhotep I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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